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Astronauts on long-duration missions generate trash, fecal waste, foam packaging, and carbon dioxide, with no good system to turn these into useful base materials. NASA's...
The James Webb Space Telescope produces extraordinary images, but visual-only presentation excludes people who are blind or who engage better through sound. The challenge asks...
On worlds without sunlight, life may depend on chemosynthesis, energy drawn from chemical reactions, but this concept is hard to imagine and teach. The challenge asks solvers to...
Decision-makers and residents often have no clear geographic picture of local environmental conditions like flooding, heat, or pollution. The challenge asks solvers to combine...
The powerful May 2024 solar storms disrupted technology and lit up skies far from the poles, yet the science behind them is abstract to most people. The challenge asks solvers to...
NASA conducts intricate biological experiments in space, but the methods and results are difficult for non-scientists to interpret. The challenge asks for new ways to visualize...
The diversity and excitement of exoplanet discovery is hard to convey to young learners, especially in communities with few science resources. The challenge asks for accessible,...
Data on planets, asteroids, comets, and other near-Earth objects is scattered and hard to visualize as a connected system. The challenge asks builders to create an interactive...
NASA has catalogued thousands of confirmed exoplanets, but people cannot easily picture the universe from the vantage point of those distant worlds. The challenge asks for an app...
Human emissions and natural systems interact to shape climate at the neighborhood level, but residents rarely have a way to see what is happening around them. The challenge asks...
Landsat satellites have measured Earth's surface reflectance for decades, but pulling the right data for a specific place and time still demands technical skill. The challenge...
The planned Habitable Worlds Observatory will look for signs of life on exoplanets, but mission planners need to know which known planets are realistically observable and...
Missions like the Mars InSight lander and the Apollo lunar seismometers record continuous data, but sending all of it back to Earth wastes scarce power and bandwidth, and most of...
Vast NASA Earth observation datasets exist on water availability, soil moisture, and crop health, but most farmers lack a usable way to explore and act on them. The challenge asks...
Large language models could expand access to health information and support health workers in low-income countries, but they are largely built for wealthy, English-speaking...
Many vaccines lose potency unless kept refrigerated from factory to patient, but reliable cold storage is unavailable across much of the developing world, causing wasted doses and...
In many low-income regions, births, deaths, and causes of death are never officially recorded, leaving governments blind to disease patterns and the impact of health programs. New...
Billions of people lack access to safe sanitation because conventional toilets depend on sewers, water, and electricity that many communities do not have. The Reinvent the Toilet...
As gene-drive mosquitoes move toward field deployment, scientists need a way to track whether the genetic construct is present and spreading in wild populations, but no suitable...
Conventional vector control such as bed nets and insecticides is losing ground as mosquitoes develop resistance, and malaria still kills hundreds of thousands each year. Gene...
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading killer of young children, but gaps in data make it hard to know the real scale, causes, and where to direct prevention. Better methods to...
In India and South Africa, the high cost of screening and diagnostic technology means many diseases are caught too late or missed entirely. Breakthrough, cost-disruptive...
Many mothers and young children in low-income settings cannot access the nutrient ingredients and products they need because existing options are too expensive to produce and...
There are too few well-designed vaginal formulations for contraception, infection prevention, and other women's health needs, limiting the options available to women. Innovation...